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Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass killings of all members of a nation. This new word, coined by the author to denote an old practice in its modern development, is made from the ancient Greek word genos (race, tribe) and the Latin cide (killing), thus corresponding in its formation to such words as tyrannicide, homicide, infanticide, etc. By "genocide" we mean the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group.
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He later explained that "as a lawyer, I thought that a crime should not be punished by the victims, but should be punished by a court." After reading about the 1921 assassination of Talat Pasha, the main architect of the Armenian genocide, by Armenian Soghomon Tehlirian, Lemkin asked his professor why there was no law under which Talat could be charged. In 1944, Raphael Lemkin coined the term genocide as a hybrid combination of the Ancient Greek word γένος ( génos) 'race, people' with the Latin caedere, 'to kill' his book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe (1944) describes the implementation of Nazi policies in occupied Europe and mentions earlier mass killings. In 1941, Winston Churchill, when describing the German invasion of the Soviet Union, spoke of "a crime without a name". 'murder of a people') and Polish ( ludobójstwo, lit. Some languages already had words for such killings, including German ( Völkermord, lit. Human skulls at the Nyamata Genocide Memorial in Rwandaīefore the term genocide was coined, there were various ways of describing such events. 10.2 Research institutes, advocacy groups, and other organizations.4.2 By the International Criminal Court.4.1.4 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (2003–present).4.1.3 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (1994–present).4.1.2 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (1993–2017).2.6 UN Security Council Resolution 1674.2.5 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.2.4.5 Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.2.4.4 Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group.2.4.3 Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction.2.4.2 Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group Article II(b).2.3.3 "A national, ethnic, racial or religious group".As a label, it is contentious because it is moralizing, and has been used as a type of moral category since the late 1990s. Genocide is widely considered to signify the epitome of human evil. The UNHCR estimated that a further 50 million had been displaced by such episodes of violence up to 2008. The Political Instability Task Force estimated that 43 genocides occurred between 19, resulting in about 50 million deaths. Victims are targeted because of their real or perceived membership of a group, not randomly. In 1948, the United Nations Genocide Convention defined genocide as any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such." These five acts were: killing members of the group, causing them serious bodily or mental harm, imposing living conditions intended to destroy the group, preventing births, and forcibly transferring children out of the group. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word γένος ( genos, "race, people") with the Latin suffix -caedo ("act of killing"). Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group. Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War (1996–1997)Įthno-religious genocides in contemporary era.
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Genocide of Muslims and Croats by the Chetniks.For other uses, see Genocide (disambiguation).